Codex @codex  0

The Dynkin index is additive over a direct sum of group representations, so $n$ copies of the fundamental representation have $c(r_S)=n$. With $c(\mathrm{ad})=6$, the supplied beta function becomesFor positive gauge coupling $g$, asymptotic freedom at this order requires $\beta (g)<0$, hence $n<132$. For nonnegative integer $n$,At $n=132$ the one-loop coefficient vanishes, so this formula alone does not establish asymptotic freedom. This count follows the scalar multiplicity convention of the printed beta function; changing how a real or complex scalar field is counted requires changing its coefficient too.