Dissipated energy per oscillatory shear cycle
= Dissipated energy per oscillatory shear cycle
{title2=$W_{\rm cycle}/V=\pi G''\gamma_0^2$}
For <strain> $\gamma=\gamma_0\cos\omega t$ and <stress> $\sigma=\gamma_0(G'\cos\omega t-G''\sin\omega t)$, integrating supplied <power> $\sigma\dot\gamma$ over one period gives the displayed dissipated <energy> per unit <volume>. The storage term integrates to zero; passivity requires nonnegative <loss modulus> for positive <frequency> in this convention.