= DOE Fundamentals Handbook Electrical Science
{c}
{title2=June 1992}
Published by the U.S. Department of Energy. https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2026-04/DOE-HDBK-1011-92_VOL2.pdf[Volume 2, DOE-HDBK-1011/2-92]: Module 5, DC Generators, and Module 6, DC Motors; Module 6, DC Motor Theory, describes induced opposing electric potential difference and torque. https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2026-04/DOE-HDBK-1011-92_VOL3.pdf[Volume 3, DOE-HDBK-1011/3-92]: Module 7, AC Generation Analysis, printed pp. 4–7, especially effective values and equations 7-1–7-8; Module 9, AC Power. https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2026-04/DOE-HDBK-1011-92_VOL4.pdf[Volume 4, DOE-HDBK-1011/4-92]: Module 13, Transformer Theory, especially copper loss and efficiency on printed pp. 11–13; Module 15, System Components and Protection Devices, printed pp. 1–6 and Figure 1, followed by Wiring Schemes and Grounding.
Volume 3, Module 8, Resonance, printed p. 19: equation 8-14 gives the resonant frequency, and Series Resonance states that the net series reactance vanishes and the current is set by the remaining resistance. https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2026-04/DOE-HDBK-1011-92_VOL3.pdf[Module 8, printed p. 19, Resonant Frequency and Series Resonance]{ref}
Volume 3, Module 10, AC Generator Theory, printed p. 6, equation 10-1, gives generated frequency from rotor speed in revolutions per minute and total magnetic pole count. Volume 2, Module 6, DC Motor Theory, printed pp. 4–6, equations 6-1–6-3, relates electromagnetic torque, opposing induced electric potential difference and armature current.
Volume 4, Module 13, Transformer Types, printed p. 19, Instrument Current Transformer, describes the many-secondary-turn measurement arrangement and the physical reason an energized open secondary can develop excessive induced electric potential difference.
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