= Early CCD charge-transfer experiment
<George Elwood Smith> reports fabricating <MOS capacitors>, thermally generating the first packet, and clocking it to an output that pushed it into the substrate for <electric current> detection. A later integrated eight-bit device demonstrated imaging. Dark or reversed-clock control traces are not specified; feasibility alone does not calibrate <charge-transfer efficiency>.<Nobel Lecture: The invention and early history of the CCD by George Elwood Smith>[pp. 2309–2310, Figs. 7–9, prototype and imager]{ref}
A discriminating repeat would compare identical cycles with and without initial <carrier injection>, then suppress or reverse the transfer sequence while retaining output switching. An <electric current> transient synchronized with gate switching can include <capacitor> feedthrough; only the difference tied to initial <electric charge> and the expected transfer delay tests packet transport. These are proposed controls, not controls documented in the lecture. For an optical version, a blocked exposure estimates <dark current> and <read noise>; a spatially isolated illuminated <optical detector pixel> exposes any <deferred charge in CCD readout> trail. <Photon shot noise> persists even with ideal transfer.
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