= Eduard Buchner
{c}
{title2=1860-1917}
<Eduard Buchner> demonstrated <fermentation> in a <cell-free extract>. Removing intact yeast cells while retaining activity showed that the biochemical transformation did not require the continued presence of an intact cell.
Filtration and residual-cell controls distinguish activity of the extract from activity of surviving cells. The result helped establish that a cellular process can be studied through its chemical components.<Cell-free fermentation by Eduard Buchner>[Nobel lecture, pages 110–114: extraction, filtration, and residual-cell controls]{ref}
\Image[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/E._Buchner.jpg]
{title=Portrait of <Eduard Buchner>}
{description=Photograph reproduced in Les Prix Nobel (1907), credited to the Nobel Foundation on https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E._Buchner.jpg[Wikimedia Commons], which identifies it as public domain.}
{width=240}
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