= Effective paramagnetic moment
{title2=$\mu_{\rm eff}=|g_J|\mu_B\sqrt{J(J+1)}$}
The <magnetic moment> inferred from the weak-field <Curie constant> of a localized angular-momentum multiplet. Uniform zero-field occupation of its $2J+1$ substates gives $\langle m_J^2\rangle=J(J+1)/3$, yielding $\mu_{\rm eff}=|g_J|\mu_B\sqrt{J(J+1)}$. Here $g_J$ is the <Landé g-factor> and $\mu_B$ the <Bohr magneton>. The dimensionless number $m_{\rm eff}=\mu_{\rm eff}/\mu_B$ differs from the saturated projection $|g_J|J$.
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