= Electrostatic shielding
<Electrostatic shielding> decouples interior and exterior <electric fields> using a <conductor in electrostatic equilibrium>. Exterior sources cannot produce an <electric field> in an empty closed <cavity in a conductor>, whether grounded or isolated. Outward independence requires grounding: internal sources can affect an isolated enclosure's exterior, as in <Faraday's ice pail experiment>. Grounding makes the exterior solution independent of internal sources, while allowing exterior sources' own response. Openings and changing <electromagnetic fields> need additional analysis.<The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Volume II by Richard Feynman and others>[II.5, §5–10, concluding paragraphs on inward shielding and closed grounded enclosures]{ref}
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