Energy of a flow
= Energy of a flow
{title2=$\mathcal E(\theta)$}
For unit edge resistances, the energy of a flow is
$$
\mathcal E(\theta)=\sum_e\theta(e)^2,
$$
where every unoriented edge is counted once.
= Energy of a flow
{title2=$\mathcal E(\theta)$}
For unit edge resistances, the energy of a flow is
$$
\mathcal E(\theta)=\sum_e\theta(e)^2,
$$
where every unoriented edge is counted once.