Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2012 iii Paper 65 2 iv Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
For Kraus operators , the Kraus formula for entanglement fidelity isIndeed each Kraus contribution to the purified-state overlap is , and the expectation in a purification is . In this case,The entanglement fidelity of amplitude damping is thusFor , this is one. For a ground-state input it is one for every , whereas for an excited-state input it is . These checks agree with the physical relaxation mechanism.