Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2007 iii Paper 74 1 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
For this equal-strength power-law mutual repression, the logarithmic gains and their product at equilibrium areThe mutual repression stability criterion immediately excludes multistability if , since at every finite positive equilibrium. The common prefactor gives a stronger exclusion: if either exponent is at most one, multistability is impossible for every , including some cases with .
To prove the additional cases, suppose . At equilibrium the two expressions for implyPut and . Because , the left side is at least , so . It follows thatThe maximum in the second inequality occurs at . Its strict bound follows from , , and . Interchanging the components proves the case ; the case with both exponents at most one was already covered by . Every root of therefore has . Since begins positive and ends negative, there is exactly one root: two downward crossings would require another crossing with nonnegative derivative between them. The unique equilibrium is stable.
For completeness, neither exponent can be relaxed above one in this exclusion. If and , take sufficiently large. On , , so maps that interval into itself. It has a fixed point withIt is a stable equilibrium. By exchanging the components, there is a second stable fixed point with and . These two regions are disjoint for large , proving bistability for some production strength. Hence the full answer isFor example, has but still a unique stable equilibrium for all . Thus the product-only necessary condition for strong feedback is not sufficient when both production prefactors are constrained to be equal.