= Essential Radio Astronomy by James J. Condon and Scott M. Ransom
{c}
{tag=Work by James J. Condon}
{tag=Work by Scott M. Ransom}
Official course and author record: https://science.nrao.edu/opportunities/courses/era
Chapter 4, Free–Free Radiation: https://www.cv.nrao.edu/~sransom/web/Ch4.html
NRAO-hosted authored text. Equations (4.57)–(4.60) define <emission measure>, radio <optical depth> and optically thick/thin observables. The course page identifies both authors and the 12 March 2016 preface date.
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