Eulerian and Lagrangian fluid perturbations
= Eulerian and Lagrangian fluid perturbations
For a background scalar field $f$ and fluid displacement $\boldsymbol\xi$, the Lagrangian perturbation follows the displaced fluid element while the Eulerian perturbation compares fields at one fixed position. To first order,
$$
\Delta_L f=\delta f+\boldsymbol\xi\mathbin\cdot\nabla f.
$$