= Exchange bias
{title2=$H_E$}
A displacement of a ferromagnetic <hysteresis> loop's field centre caused by coupling to a prepared, sufficiently pinned magnetic environment, commonly an <antiferromagnet>. Field cooling through the ordering/blocking range can establish a unidirectional interfacial spin preference. With switching fields $H_-,H_+$, the shift is $H_E=(H_++H_-)/2$, distinct from coercive half-width $(H_+-H_-)/2$. Reversing the cooling field, testing a full major loop and comparing uncoupled/zero-field-cooled controls help identify genuine bias.
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