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 Incoming links: Exponential isomorphism between the additive and multiplicative formal groups

Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2021 / iii / Paper 136 / 5 / b / Solution 2026-09-28
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The formal additive group and formal multiplicative group have laws
Ga​(X,Y)=X+Y,Gm​(X,Y)=X+Y+XY.
(1)
If R is an algebra over a field whose scalar field is Q, the series
h(X)=exp(X)−1
(2)
has linear coefficient one and satisfies
h(X+Y)=h(X)+h(Y)+h(X)h(Y).
(3)
It is therefore the exponential isomorphism between the additive and multiplicative formal groups, with inverse log(1+X).
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