Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2001 iii Paper 26 2 d Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Use the standard Hausdorff state-space convention, so compact sets are closed. Let be any closed set and choose from exponential tightness. The weak large deviation principle applies to the compact set , whileThe principle of the largest exponential term givesLet . This is the full closed-set upper bound; the open-set lower bound was already present.
For goodness, fix and choose . The complement is open. Its lower bound and its exponential-tightness upper estimate implyThus and . Lower semicontinuity makes this sublevel set closed, so it is a closed subset of a compact set and therefore compact. This proves that exponential tightness upgrades a weak large deviation principle to the full principle with the same good rate function.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2003 iii Paper 79 2 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Let be any closed set. For each , choose as above. The probability decompositionreduces the first term to a compact set, where the weak upper bound applies. For nonnegative numbers , the inequality shows that the upper exponential rate of their sum is no larger than the maximum of their upper exponential rates. HenceLet . This proves the full closed-set upper bound, including when . The open-set lower bound was already assumed. Combining with part (b), the weak principle upgrades to a large deviation principle with good rate function . This is exponential tightness upgrades a weak large deviation principle.