Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2001 iii Paper 69 3 Solution 2026-10-14
The absorption question concerns the geometric-optics capture cross-section, assuming rays reaching the central singular boundary are absorbed. Null geodesic motion alone does not specify a wave boundary condition at a singularity.
By spherical symmetry choose an equatorial ray. Conservation of energy and angular momentum gives , , and null normalization givesHere is the impact parameter measured at infinity. A returning ray has an exterior turning point; capture occurs when none exists. The critical impact parameter obeys , and the cross-section is the area in the incident impact-parameter plane.
For , cancellation for gives . There is no regular exterior circular photon orbit: the supremum occurs at the singular limiting surface, with . Rays with turn at ; those with reach the central boundary. Thus the extremal dilaton metric photon capture result isThe critical ray is a measure-zero boundary of the capture set. The finite capture cross-section is not the horizon area, which vanishes in this limit. Nor is it a claim about a low-frequency quantum absorption cross-section or an unspecified reflection law at the singularity.