= Factor rotation
{title2=$L\mapsto LQ,\quad F\mapsto Q^TF$}
An orthogonal rotation of factors leaves $LL^T$ unchanged and hence preserves the model covariance. It proves rotational nonidentifiability of the unrestrained <factor loadings>. Choose an orientation for interpretability, for example <varimax rotation>, or impose identifying restrictions in a confirmatory model. An oblique transformation permits correlated factors: if $L$ becomes $LH$, their covariance becomes $H^{-1}H^{-T}$, preserving the same shared covariance.
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