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Ander Murua coauthored complex-coefficient operator splitting methods with Sergio Blanes and Fernando Casas. They analyze how composition coefficients influence order and error propagation. Positive real parts allow complex-time substeps to bypass an obstruction associated with negative real coefficients, particularly relevant to dissipative evolution equations.^[ref]

Sergio Blanes coauthored methods for splitting differential-equation evolution with Fernando Casas and Ander Murua. They studied complex composition coefficients with positive real parts, avoiding the backward real-time steps required by higher-order real splittings. This matters for parabolic partial differential equations, where a backward diffusion substep can be ill posed.^[ref]