= Filling box model
A filling box model describes a <turbulent plume> rising through a confined fluid and spreading beneath its ceiling. <Fluid entrainment> transfers initially unmodified ambient fluid into the plume; the discharged fluid forms a descending <filling-box first front>. A maintained heat source can have negligible source <volume flux> while maintaining nonzero <buoyancy flux>. A finite injected fluid flux requires an equal exhaust if the container volume is fixed.
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