Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2016 iii Paper 329 3 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
For a long finite blade with negligible under-blade flux, fluid accumulates upstream and escapes sideways around the ends. The finite-blade side-drainage pile has in a broad upstream region, while its near wake is strongly depleted; far from the blade the incoming film still has thickness one. The schematic in the preceding figure shows the pile, incoming flow, and escape around the ends.
Away from the nose and end regions, the streamwise flux nearly cancels: . This is the deep part of the infinite-blade gravity pile, so is the appropriate local profile. The hierarchy makes streamwise variation much faster than lateral variation, while allowing lateral flow to carry away the integrated influx.
Set and . Since and the leading deep-pile profile vanishes at its nose, . Integrating steady conservation in gives : the wall has zero normal flux, whereas the matched incoming film supplies flux per unit blade length. Equivalently one can integrate to an upstream matching plane, where the moving-frame flux is exactly ; this avoids incorrectly assigning zero incoming flux to the approximate zero-height nose. Symmetry gives . ThereforeAt leading order the deep pile ends at , so , giving . Direct integration of the cubic profile yields . ThusIn particular and , confirming the assumed hierarchy. The local nose and tip regions are outside this leading deep-pile approximation.
Apply the squeegee gap leakage flux with at most of order the largest pile height. A sufficient negligible-leakage criterion isThe floor-driven must also be small, as it is in this regime. In scaling form the additional restriction is . The total leakage divided by incoming volume flux has the same scaling; blade length does not introduce an extra factor of .