Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2004 iii Paper 75 3 d Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Without settling, and . The left-running rarefaction wave has the unchanged Riemann invariant and similarity coordinate . HenceMatching to the Froude number condition givesThe full outer profiles are for ; the displayed fan for ; and for , whereAhead of there is only ambient fluid, so the particle-laden layer has zero depth. The shelf width is for every finite positive . It disappears only in the formal dry-front limit, where . For , the fan/shelf junction lies to the left of the initial barrier; the profiles remain consistent. This is the finite-Froude lock-release rarefaction, valid while the reservoir can be treated as semi-infinite.
Lock-release depth and velocity profiles, with settling attenuation of the reservoir disturbance and approximate front
. Details. 