Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2018 iii Paper 344 2 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-05
The polar molecular field isFor a spatially uniform polar order parameter, , so it is colinear with and its magnitude is . The scalar factor can be negative; colinearity does not necessarily mean parallel orientation.
For the simple shear flow, the paper's velocity gradient convention givesSubstitute these matrices into . Projection along and perpendicular to the polar order parameter yieldsAssume , , and . The flow-alignment angle in planar shear must satisfyFor , use the cosine equation: modulo , and the displayed tangent is infinite. The radial equation giveswhere the sign distinguishes the angular branches, and only positive right-hand sides are ordered solutions. Linearizing the angular equation gives . For , the stable angular branch therefore hasIts radial relaxation eigenvalue is . At the angular linearization is marginal and requires . If , the shear restriction disappears and any orientation is allowed for . The printed request for dependence only on omits : in general the magnitude necessarily depends on it.