Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2008 iii Paper 37 6 a Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Put and . Boundedness and path continuity of make by the dominated convergence theorem, so . The Itô isometry gives .
We must not assume independence between the integral and its Brownian denominator. Instead, the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality givesConcavity, or Jensen inequality, bounds the first factor by . Since , the second factor is . This negative normal moment is finite: the density is bounded near zero, where , and has Gaussian decay at infinity. In fact . The powers of cancel, yielding the fractional-moment control of Brownian increment ratiosThe ratio may be assigned any value on the null event .