= François Englert
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<François Englert> co-developed a mechanism for generating <gauge boson> <masses> with <Robert Brout>. The starting theory retains its local gauge structure, while the physical vacuum gives a different excitation spectrum. Their 1964 paper explains how this avoids carrying the massless-mode conclusion of a global broken symmetry unchanged into a gauge theory. The connection between <spontaneous symmetry breaking> and massive vector particles became central to the <Higgs mechanism>.<Broken Symmetry and the Mass of Gauge Vector Mesons by François Englert and Robert Brout>[1964 original paper, broken-symmetry matter coupled to gauge fields]{ref}
A <physicist> who co-directed the theoretical physics unit at Université libre de Bruxelles.<Professional profile of François Englert (physth.ulb.be)>[Independent professional identity]{ref}
\Image[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Redirect/file/Francois%20Englert%20%283x4%20cropped%29.jpg?width=250]
{title=Portrait of <François Englert>}
{description=Bengt Nyman, photograph; Wabbuh, existing portrait crop. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/[CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons.}
{source=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Francois_Englert_(3x4_cropped).jpg}
{width=250}
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