= Fricative
A <fricative> is a <consonant> produced with a narrow constriction that generates sustained turbulent airflow and its associated noise. The articulators approach closely without creating the complete oral closure of a <plosive>. <Place of articulation> and <voicing> further distinguish different <fricatives>.<Essentials of Linguistics (2nd edition) by Catherine Anderson and others>[§3.4, fricatives and airflow through a narrow constriction]{ref}
Sustain `[f]` and then `[v]`. Both use the lower lip and upper teeth, but the second normally adds <vocal fold> vibration. A <spectrogram> can display a noise component and, where present, periodic structure. The physical source of the noise is the constricted airflow, while the <vocal tract> shapes its spectrum. Merely calling a sound unvoiced does not identify it as a <fricative>.
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