= Fumarate
<Fumarate> is the dianion of fumaric acid, a four-carbon dicarboxylic <acid> with a trans carbon-carbon <double bond>. The geometry distinguishes it from its cis isomer.
In the <citric acid cycle>, oxidation of <succinate> yields <fumarate>, and addition of <water> across the double bond yields <malate>. This sequence changes the functional groups while preserving the four-carbon framework.<The citric acid cycle by Hans Adolf Krebs>[Table 1, succinate-fumarate-malate sequence]{ref}
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