= Gabor filter
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A <Gabor filter> has a kernel formed by multiplying a <Gaussian function> by a <sinusoid> or a complex oscillation. In two-dimensional <image processing>, its orientation and <spatial frequency> select local image structure; evaluating the kernel's translated <dot product> with an image is spatial filtering. The real even example under <signed spatial filter model of a simple cell> uses a <cosine>.
There is experimental motivation for this family without making every <simple cell> an exact <Gabor filter>. Jones and Palmer fitted two-dimensional <Gabor filters> to measured spatial and spectral response profiles of <simple cells> in cat cortex and compared independently estimated parameters as a test of spatial <linearity>. Their reported residuals supported the approximation in that dataset. The chosen parameters and <orientation tuning curve> in this article are not extracted from their measurements. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3437332/[Jones and Palmer, An evaluation of the two-dimensional Gabor filter model of simple receptive fields in cat striate cortex (1987), primary abstract]{ref}
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