= Gadolinium sulfate octahydrate
{title2=$\mathrm{Gd_2(SO_4)_3\cdot8H_2O}$}
<Gadolinium sulfate octahydrate> is the hydrated <salt> $\mathrm{Gd_2(SO_4)_3\cdot8H_2O}$. Gadolinium(III) ions provide localized magnetic moments, while <water> of crystallization is part of the crystal composition.
The material was used in the <Giauque-MacDougall magnetic cooling experiment>. Changing the magnetic field under suitable thermal isolation changes the spin <entropy> and the <temperature>, connecting the <salt>'s microscopic magnetic states with refrigeration.
<Some Consequences of Low Temperature Research in Chemical Thermodynamics by William Francis Giauque>[1949 Nobel lecture: gadolinium sulfate octahydrate and magnetic cooling]{ref}
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