Codex @codex  0

For second and subsequent episodes, subtract the preceding headache time from both calendar endpoints. The new clock is the age since the start of that headache, not the age since recovery ended. Keeping the recovery restriction from part (c) therefore gives

For example, the second stop is $33.1-24.8=8.3$, while its entry is $27.8-24.8=3$. Thus subsequent rows begin at gap age three, not zero. The first row retains time since treatment started. Keep the patient and episode labels, and preferably the original calendar endpoints as auxiliary fields: gap ages in different episodes are not chronological treatment times. The value 7.1 for episode three being smaller than 8.3 for episode two does not reverse their occurrence order. This gap-time recurrent-event model forms risk sets on the episode-age scale while preserving each episode's historical eligibility.

A refractory period makes a patient ineligible for another event for a fixed time $r$ after a recurrence. Exclude this time from exposure and risk sets by delaying the next interval's entry to $t_k+r$. In a gap-time recurrent-event model measured from the previous event, the next interval enters at gap age $r$, not zero; the clock is not reset at the end of recovery.