Gas clumping factor
= Gas clumping factor
{title2=$C_e=\langle n_e^2\rangle/\langle n_e\rangle^2$}
The <gas clumping factor> measures unresolved inhomogeneity in electron <number density> within a chosen averaging region. Nonnegative <variance> gives $C_e\ge1$. At a uniform <temperature>, <thermal bremsstrahlung> scales with $\langle n_e^2\rangle$, whereas the <thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect> scales with $\langle n_e\rangle$. A homogeneous <cluster distance from Sunyaev-Zeldovich and X-ray signals> inference then gives $d_{A,\mathrm{inferred}}=d_{A,\mathrm{true}}/C_e$, for the same geometry and temperature. Correlated temperature variations require additional weighted averages.