= Gauss's law for gravity
{c}
{title2=$\oint_S\mathbf g\cdot d\mathbf S=-4\pi GM_{\rm enc}$}
The outward <flux> of the <Newtonian gravitational field> through a closed surface is $-4\pi G$ times the enclosed <mass>. A sphere around a <point mass> establishes the coefficient; <superposition> extends the integral law to general <mass distributions>. The minus sign expresses attractive gravity. A symmetric <Gaussian surface> can turn the flux relation into a local field calculation, but the integral law alone does not imply that the field is uniform on an arbitrary surface.
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