= Gel sieving of synthetic polymers
A porous gel changes the <electrophoretic mobility> of charged synthetic <polymers> through confinement, deformation and pore-to-pore dynamics. Free-draining charge and friction can both grow proportionally to chain <length>, leaving free-solution <mobility> nearly <length> independent; matrix obstruction adds size sensitivity. <reptation> supplies one weak-field long-chain regime, not a universal calibration. Matrix <concentration>, effective charge, <solvent> conditions, conformation, <topology>, <adsorption>, electro-osmotic drift and heating can all alter migration. Size standards should match the relevant chemistry and operating regime.
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