Genetic engineering
= Genetic engineering
{wiki}
<Genetic engineering> deliberately modifies genetic material or its operation. It includes introducing a sequence, removing a <gene> or changing regulation with targeted molecular tools. A <gene knockout> tests consequences of losing functional output, while a modified regulatory sequence can change timing or <tissue> specificity. Interpretation requires verifying the resulting sequence and expression: delivery of a construct alone does not establish the intended genetic or phenotypic change. <Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition by Bruce Alberts and others>[Chapter 8, Manipulating Proteins, DNA, and RNA]{ref}