= Giorgio Parisi
{c}
{tag=Physicist}
{wiki}
= G. Parisi
{c}
{synonym}
<Giorgio Parisi> developed a hierarchical description of <spin glass> order in mean-field theory. The large number of competing low-energy states requires more information than one scalar <order parameter>: the replica construction uses an infinite hierarchy, related to overlaps between states. This organizes complex collective behavior arising from frustrated interactions and disorder. The result is a specific mean-field solution strategy, rather than an assumption that every disordered material has an identical phase structure.<Infinite Number of Order Parameters for Spin-Glasses by Giorgio Parisi>[Physical Review Letters 43, 1754 (1979), replica-theory order-parameter hierarchy]{ref}
A <physicist> who researched <spin glasses> and became a professor of <theoretical physics> in Rome in 1981.<Professional profile of Giorgio Parisi (parisigiorgio.it)>[Biography: theoretical-physics appointment in 1981 and research on disordered systems]{ref}
\Image[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Redirect/file/Parisi%20Giorgio%20%283x4%20cropped%29.jpg?width=250]
{title=Portrait of <Giorgio Parisi>}
{description=Lorenza Parisi, photograph; Wabbuh, existing portrait crop. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/[CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons.}
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{width=250}
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