= Goeppert Mayer and Jensen nuclear shell model history
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The 1948 empirical synthesis preceded the 1949 strong <spin-orbit interaction> proposals. <Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen> recalled developing that idea in a discussion with colleagues, independently of <Maria Goeppert Mayer>'s work; their shared problem was to account for the observed <magic numbers> and <spins>.<Glimpses at the History of the Nuclear Structure Theory by Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen>[pp. 46–48, empirical evidence and strong spin-orbit proposal]{ref}
<Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen> emphasized that even nuclear <ground states> retain correlations and that independent-particle motion becomes less adequate at higher excitation. This helps explain why the <nuclear shell model> needs residual interactions and complementary collective descriptions.<Glimpses at the History of the Nuclear Structure Theory by Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen>[pp. 48–49, correlations and configuration mixing]{ref}
The 1963 <Nobel Prize in Physics> recognized <Maria Goeppert Mayer> and <Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen> for nuclear shell structure. <Eugene Paul Wigner>'s share recognized his contributions to nuclear and elementary-particle theory, especially fundamental <symmetry> principles, a distinct award motivation.<All Nobel Prizes by Nobel Prize Outreach>[1963 Physics: separate motivations for Wigner and for Goeppert Mayer and Jensen]{ref}
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