Graded commutativity of the cup product (source code)

= Graded commutativity of the cup product
{title2=$a\smile b=(-1)^{|a||b|}b\smile a$}

Homogeneous cohomology classes satisfy
$$
a\smile b=(-1)^{|a||b|}b\smile a.
$$
In particular, an odd-degree class has square killed by two, and its square vanishes whenever two is invertible in the coefficient ring.