= Guard cell
A <guard cell> is one of the specialized epidermal <biological cells> bordering a <stoma>. Changes in <solute> content alter <water> uptake and <turgor pressure>, changing the size of the pore. This couples <transpiration> and entry of <carbon dioxide> for <photosynthesis>.
<Calcium>-dependent signaling and regulation of <anion> channels participate in closing responses. Experiments imposing different <calcium> patterns tested how intracellular dynamics influence stomatal movement, showing why a single <concentration> measurement may miss information carried by its timing.<A defined range of guard cell calcium oscillation parameters encodes stomatal movements by G. J. Allen and others>[2001, pp. 1053–1057]{ref}
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