Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2017 iii Paper 203 2 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
The implication is false. Take the thin rectanglesEach is a compact H-hull, and . We verify that its half-plane capacity nevertheless tends to zero.
Let , which contains all these rectangles. At the Brownian exit time from , the exit height is at most , and a positive exit height requires hitting before . ThereforeFor , conformal invariance of planar Brownian motion and identify the probability on the right with the harmonic measure of from in . Integrating the Poisson kernel for the upper half-plane givesThe Brownian representation of half-plane capacity now proves the explicit estimateChoose to obtain the required sequence. This is an instance of half-plane capacity of a low rectangle: shrinking height can make half-plane capacity small while horizontal extent stays fixed.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2021 iii Paper 220 3 c i Solution Created 2026-09-28 Updated 2026-10-03
False. LetAfter filling bounded complementary components if necessary, this is a compact H-hull with diameter asymptotic to . The half-plane capacity of a low rectangle estimate, together with scaling and translation of half-plane capacity, givesThus unbounded diameter need not force unbounded capacity.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 iii Paper 203 1 d i Solution 2026-09-28
Write and take . By the Brownian representation of half-plane capacity,On hitting , the exit height is at most one. Moreover, lies in the half-disc of radius . The harmonic measure of that semicircle as viewed from is : mapping its exterior to by reduces the estimate to the Poisson kernel for the upper half-plane on an interval of length . Consequentlyfor large , and . This is the half-plane capacity of a low rectangle.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2024 iii Paper 203 1 b ii Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
For , let . The Brownian representation of half-plane capacity givesOn hitting the imaginary part is at most one, while the harmonic measure estimate supplied in the question shows that the probability of reaching a disc of radius containing is . Hence , the half-plane capacity of a low rectangle bound.
SetThe scaling and translation of half-plane capacity giveswhereas . This supplies the required sequence.
