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Technical note issued and hosted by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.. No individual author is credited. Page 17 states that the information is current as of December 2025; this is an information-currency date, not an established first-publication date.

Technical note: www.hamamatsu.com/content/dam/hamamatsu-photonics/sites/documents/99_SALES_LIBRARY/ssd/si_pd_kspd9001e.pdf

Cited passages: pp. 2–3, §§1-1–1-2; p. 6, §§2-3–2-4; p. 7, §2-6; p. 9, §3-1 and Figure 3-1; p. 17, issuer and date statement.

Corporate technical note issued by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., document KIRD9005E. No personal author or chapter byline is credited.

Information current as of May 2024, as printed on p. 6; this is not established as the first publication date. Hamamatsu Photonics hosts the document.

Official technical note: www.hamamatsu.com/content/dam/hamamatsu-photonics/sites/documents/99_SALES_LIBRARY/ssd/thermopile_kird9005e.pdf

Cited passages: p. 2, §2 Structure: membrane absorber, reference junction locations and nonuniform temperatures; p. 2, Eq. (2-1): sum of thermocouple voltages; p. 3, §3-1 Sensitivity, Eq. (3-1): uniform illumination and localized spots; p. 3, §3-2 Noise, Eq. (3-2): resistance, absolute temperature and bandwidth; p. 6, institutional contact and information-current-as-of statement.