= Hartree electrostatic energy
{c}
{title2=$E_H=e^2/(8\pi\epsilon_0)\iint n(\mathbf r)n(\mathbf r')/|\mathbf r-\mathbf r'|\,d^3r\,d^3r'$}
The classical electrostatic self-energy functional of an electron number density is the expression in the title. The factor one-half prevents counting each pair twice. Its functional derivative is the <Hartree potential>; integrating density times that potential gives $2E_H$. The functional includes an unphysical one-electron self-interaction unless other terms cancel it. It differs from the <Hartree energy> atomic unit.
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