= Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
{c}
{tag=Physicist}
{title2=1853–1926}
{wiki}
= H. Kamerlingh Onnes
{c}
{synonym}
<Heike Kamerlingh Onnes> liquefied <helium>, opening access to <temperatures> far below those reached with other common cryogenic liquids. This enabled electrical measurements through the low-temperature transition of metals and the discovery of <superconductivity>. His later liquid-helium experiments also investigated persistent currents, connecting the sharp resistance change with sustained electrical behavior in a closed circuit. The progression shows how a new cooling technique can expose phenomena that are inaccessible at higher <temperatures>.<The Liquefaction of Helium by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes>[1908 report, helium liquefaction and experimental access]{ref}<Further Experiments with Liquid Helium, J (Continued) by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes>[liquid-helium experiments on superconducting electrical behavior]{ref}
A <physicist>.https://actorenregister.nationaalarchief.nl/actor-persoon/kamerlingh-onnes-prof-h-te-leiden[Independent biographical identity and professional specialization]{ref}
<Helium liquefaction> supplied a route to very low <temperatures>. The <resistance-versus-temperature experiment for superconductivity> and measurements of <superconducting persistent current> show how reaching those conditions opened new questions about electrical behavior.
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{title=Portrait of <Heike Kamerlingh Onnes>}
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