= Huber spectral equivalence theorem
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= Huber's theorem
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For closed <hyperbolic surfaces> of curvature $-1$, equality of the <Laplace-Beltrami operator> <spectra>, including multiplicities, is equivalent to equality of the unmarked <length spectra> of closed <geodesics>. The <Selberg trace formula> proves the equivalence. Primitive lengths with multiplicities and the multiset including their iterates determine one another, provided the same orientation convention is used.
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