Use bosonic Bogoliubov diagonalization with , . Away from the zero modes, let
Here preserves the canonical commutation relations, while the sign of cancels anomalous pairing. In hyperbolic notation , , this condition is . Combining the normal ordering constants gives
The dispersion vanishes linearly near and , with spin-wave velocity in unit lattice spacing. The exact zero modes make the Bogoliubov coefficients singular; use a small infrared regulator or a symmetry-selected reference and treat the global rotations separately. A finite transformation at is not asserted.
On a hypercubic lattice of coordination , the same hypercubic antiferromagnetic spin-wave dispersion uses
The corresponding constant is , and near a Goldstone point. Restoring lattice spacing multiplies this velocity by .