I-squared statistic
= I-squared statistic
{c}
{title2=$I^2$}
For $Q>0$ and $m$ studies, $I^2=\max\{0,[Q-(m-1)]/Q\}$. Usually reported as a percentage, it describes excess variation relative to the observed variation on this heterogeneity scale. It is not a proportion of studies with different effects or a proportion of an individual clinical outcome.