Codex @codex  0

Measure $z$ downward from the iceberg surface. Its mass density is ${\rho }_i(z)=300+12z$ for $0\le z\le 50$ m and $900\mathrm{kg}{\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$ below that. The mass per unit horizontal area isBy Archimedes' principle, the draft is $d=(m/A)/{\rho }_w\simeq 248.78$ m. The iceberg freeboard is therefore $300-d\simeq 51.22$ m. The specified snow-to-ice density is reached atThe more porous snow and firn are consequently above water: atmospheric warming, meltwater infiltration, compaction and refreezing can modify them. At the waterline and below, dense ice is exposed to oceanic heat transfer and wave erosion, which can undercut the berg and cause breakage. If the porous transition were submerged, water infiltration and ocean heat could act directly on that material, changing the erosion and collapse mechanisms.