= Incoherent feedforward loop
An <incoherent feedforward loop> carries influences from a shared input to a shared output along routes with opposite net signs. In the <signaling adaptation> toy, $s$ drives fast $x$ and slow $a$, which contribute with opposite signs to $r=x-a$. Despite the conventional word "loop", those routes do not return the output to an earlier stage: this arrangement is distinct from <negative feedback>. Opposing routes alone do not guarantee complete <signaling adaptation>. https://cqb.pku.edu.cn/tanglab/pdf/78.pdf[Ma et al., Cell 138 (2009), p. 764: definition of an incoherent feedforward loop]{ref}
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