= Indium oxide
{title2=$\mathrm{In_2O_3}$}
<Indium oxide> usually denotes indium(III) oxide, $\mathrm{In_2O_3}$, a solid <chemical compound> of <indium> and <oxygen>. Formal <oxidation states> of $+3$ for <indium> and $-2$ for <oxygen> give charge balance: $2(3)+3(-2)=0$. The formula expresses the elemental ratio; it does not imply discrete molecules in the solid.<PubChem Compound database by National Center for Biotechnology Information>[Indium oxide, CID 150905, formula and identity]{ref}
Doping this oxide with <tin> produces the material family <indium tin oxide>, used for transparent conducting layers. Electrical and optical performance depend on charge-carrier density and preparation, so knowing the host compound's formula alone does not specify a film's conductivity.<Quantification and impact of nonparabolicity of the conduction band of indium tin oxide on its plasmonic properties by Xiaoge Liu and others>[2014, carrier-density-dependent electrical and optical measurements]{ref}
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