Instanton number (source code)

= Instanton number
{title2=$k$}

For an $SU(2)$ connection under a standard trace convention,
$$
k=\frac1{8\pi^2}\int\operatorname{Tr}(F\wedge F)\in\mathbb Z.
$$
Its sign depends on orientation and on whether the instanton is self-dual or anti-self-dual.