= Insulin receptor substrate
{wiki}
An <insulin receptor substrate> is a docking <protein> phosphorylated by the activated <insulin receptor>. Its <phosphotyrosine residues> recruit downstream signaling <proteins>, including <SH2 domain>-containing components of <phosphoinositide 3-kinase>. This connects reception to the pathway described under <insulin>, rather than making the <insulin receptor substrate> another extracellular <ligand>.<Cell signaling by receptor-tyrosine kinases by Mark A Lemmon and Joseph Schlessinger>[“Linking RTK activation to cell signaling”: IRS docking proteins and Figure 3A]{ref}
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