Integrals of an irrational two-frequency oscillator (source code)

= Integrals of an irrational two-frequency oscillator
{title2=$F=\phi(R_1,R_2)$}

On the regular set of two uncoupled oscillators with irrational frequency ratio, every continuous globally defined <integral of motion> is constant on each fixed-action <flat torus>, because every orbit is dense there. A differentiable integral is consequently a function of the two actions, so its <differential of a smooth map> lies in their span. Local angle combinations can still give extra local integrals; they fail to be single-valued on the torus.